{"id":2213,"date":"2018-09-12T03:11:50","date_gmt":"2018-09-12T03:11:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/development-partneresi-clients.connect.media\/?p=2213"},"modified":"2024-11-08T14:08:50","modified_gmt":"2024-11-08T22:08:50","slug":"pfas-in-massachusetts-what-should-you-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.partneresi.com\/resources\/articles\/pfas-in-massachusetts-what-should-you-know\/","title":{"rendered":"PFAS in Massachusetts \u2013 What Should You Know?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"subtitle\">AN EMERGING CLASS OF CONTAMINANTS<\/h2>\n<div class=\"field field--body\">\n<p>PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are a group of\u00a0<a title=\"EPA Basic Information PFAS\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pfas\/basic-information-pfas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">synthetic organic molecules<\/a>, primarily consisting of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate acid (PFOS). In both cases, the chemicals consist of \u201cchains\u201d of eight carbon atoms attached to fluorine and other atoms. This group of molecules proved to be extremely useful for a wide range of manufacturing and industrial applications due to its resistance to heat, water and oil, and inability to biodegrade easily. As a result, PFAS compounds have become some of the most widely used class of chemicals in the world.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What has is it been used for?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PFAS have been used to manufacture a wide range of consumer products including (but not limited to) cookware such as Teflon pans, pizza boxes and food wrappers, stain and water repellents, polishes, waxes, paints, carpeting and furniture.<\/p>\n<p>PFAS has also been used as a coating and water-resistant treatment for many industrial and manufacturing products, including semi-conductors, medical devices and as a metal plating bath. One of their main uses has been in aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) used for firefighting, and at military installations and commercial airports. Use of PFAS in fire-retardant foams has been one of the most prolific vectors of widespread contamination.<\/p>\n<p>According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, although certain PFA compounds are now banned from manufacturing in the United States, and others are under state-specific evaluation for use and production or have been voluntarily recalled, they are still widely produced internationally. They can still be imported into the United States in consumer goods such as carpet, leather and apparel, textiles, paper and packaging, coatings, rubber and plastics.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Health and Exposure Concerns<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The potential health effects from PFAS in humans in not yet well-understood by scientists. However, studies have indicated that high levels of exposure can result in functional changes in the liver, thyroid and pancreas. The Centers for Disease Control has\u00a0issued warnings\u00a0that PFAS may impact growth and development, reproduction, thyroid function, immunity and higher rates of certain cancers.<\/p>\n<p>PFAS exposure\u00a0can come from food packaged in PFAS-containing materials, commercial household products, facilities or industries where PFAS is used or manufactured, drinking water (typically associated with proximity to a PFAS facility), and living organisms that have accumulated PFAS. Water plays an incredibly important role in\u00a0<a title=\"Millions Exposed to Toxic Chemical in Drinking Water\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/science\/pfas-toxic-chemical-millions-peoples-drinking-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PFAS exposure<\/a>\u00a0because these chemicals are highly soluble and cannot be removed by standard wastewater treatment methods or most home water filters.<\/p>\n<p>Water contamination from and exposure to PFAS is currently a large contamination concern, though PFAS can also contaminate soil, air and surface water. Studies by the Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute at Northeastern University has documented PFAS contamination at 94 sites in 22 states (so far) and have provided an\u00a0<a title=\"PFAS contamination site tracker\" href=\"https:\/\/www.northeastern.edu\/environmentalhealth\/tag\/pfas-contamination-site-tracker\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interactive site tracker<\/a>\u00a0to monitor future results. An\u00a0<a title=\"EWG PFAS interactive map\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ewg.org\/interactive-maps\/2017_pfa\/#.W5lQlChKiM8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis by the Environmental Working Group<\/a>\u00a0(EWG) of EPA drinking water sampling from 2013-2016 showed that 194 systems serving 16 million people have been impacted by PFAS.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What are current federal and Massachusetts regulatory guidelines?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>An earlier form of the PFAS chemical class, known as long-chain PFAS, was banned from manufacture in the early 2000s following lawsuits (namely against\u00a0<a title=\"3M Lawsuit Settlement\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2018-02-20\/3m-is-said-to-settle-minnesota-lawsuit-for-up-to-1-billion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scotchgard manufacturer 3M<\/a>\u00a0for and against\u00a0<a title=\"Dupont Settles Lawsuit over Teflon Leak\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-du-pont-lawsuit-west-virginia\/dupont-settles-lawsuits-over-leak-of-chemical-used-to-make-teflon-idUSKBN15S18U\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Teflon manufacturer Dupont<\/a>) and resulting public outcry. The chemical industry has since created a short-chain version of PFASs, removing a carbon molecule from the original, but retaining the same manufacturing properties. Currently, the federal government does not regulate short-chain PFASs. But the chemical class is on the EPA\u2019s list of \u201cunregulated contaminants.\u201d The substances are monitored and the EPA can issue notices in instances of potential public danger.<\/p>\n<p>The EPA has no current enforceable standards for healthy levels of PFOS and PFOA in drinking water, but in 2016, released a\u00a0<a title=\"EPA Drinking Water Advisories for PFOS and PFOA\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ground-water-and-drinking-water\/drinking-water-health-advisories-pfoa-and-pfos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Drinking Water Health Advisory<\/a>\u00a0(HA) of 70 parts-per-trillion (ppt) for either PFOA or PFOS, or when both are found in a combined concentration. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has also not yet enforced criteria through the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP). However, on June 8, 2018, MassDEP issued a\u00a0<a title=\"MassDEP Finalizes Guidelines for Five PFAS Contaminants\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lspa.org\/index.php?option=com_lyftenbloggie&amp;view=entry&amp;year=2018&amp;month=06&amp;day=10&amp;id=168%3Amassdep-finalizes-guidelines-for-five-pfas-in-drinking-water&amp;Itemid=183\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drinking water Office of Research and Standards Guideline<\/a>\u00a0(ORSG) similar to the EPA\u2019s recommendations of 70 ppt, but in addition to PFOA and PFOS, included three additional PFAS chemicals: perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA). MassDEP also provided guidelines for consumers and public water suppliers, as well as future considerations for health assessments and contaminant risks.<\/p>\n<p>The MassDEP Bureau of Waste Site Cleanup has not yet issued reportable concentrations or cleanup standards for PFAS. However, they have established that PFAS may be considered a \u201crelease\u201d under the\u00a0<a title=\"MassDEP Massachusetts Contingency Plan\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/regulations\/310-CMR-4000-massachusetts-contingency-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Massachusetts Contingency Plan<\/a>\u00a0definition. Furthermore, PFAS is considered a hazardous material and subject to Chapter 21E enforcement, however it only requires notification if it is detected at concentrations that result in an Imminent Hazard.<\/p>\n<p>MassDEP has also provided\u00a0PFAS sampling and analysis guidance\u00a0for Licensed Site Professionals (LSPs), including recommending when and where to sample for PFAS, how to sample for PFAS, sample collection methods and sequence, and proper field equipment. The guidance defers to the expertise of the LSP to develop a Conceptual Site Model and case-specific information to then determine a sampling strategy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What should Massachusetts CRE stakeholders know?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As scientific knowledge and state and federal guidelines evolve, what should property owners, developers and lenders know to manage risk and lower liability?<\/p>\n<p>First,\u00a0<a title=\"Partner Engineering and Science Boston\" href=\"https:\/\/www.partneresi.com\/about\/locations\/boston-massachusetts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental due diligence<\/a>\u00a0is critical for determining if a property was a location for manufacturing, use or release of PFAS compounds, thereby potentially acting as a source of regional groundwater contamination. Costs associated with liability, as the 3M and Dupont lawsuits illustrate, are significant. Rely on an experienced, knowledgeable Massachusetts LSP, familiar with State regulations, ever-changing recommendations, and\u00a0<a title=\"Navigating Due Diligence Assessments and Remediation in Massachusetts\" href=\"https:\/\/www.partneresi.com\/resources\/articles\/navigating-due-diligence-assessments-and-remediation-in-massachusetts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">21E reports<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Secondly, all properties, but especially those with potable water on-site, should have drinking water sampling and laboratory analysis evaluation. The EPA has amassed\u00a0<a title=\"EPA PFAS Data and Tools\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pfas\/epa-pfas-data-and-tools\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data, tools and databases<\/a>\u00a0to communicate information about likely contamination sites and the latest known scientific studies.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, be mindful that as Massachusetts possibly develops more stringent standards or sampling requirements, it may impact sites actively undergoing assessment or possible re-investigation of previously closed or remediated sites. The best way to lower risk is to engage with qualified and informed LSPs to perform careful, meticulous due diligence assessments.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>AN EMERGING CLASS OF CONTAMINANTS PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are a group of\u00a0synthetic organic molecules, primarily consisting of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate acid (PFOS). In both [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":2214,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1225],"tags":[],"letter":[],"key_topics":[1198],"services-tag":[78,79],"class_list":["post-2213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-environmental-contaminant","tag-environmental-due-diligence","tag-environmental-protection-agency","tag-environmental-remediation","tag-epa","tag-pfas","tag-pfoa","tag-pfos","tag-phase-i-environmental-site-assessment","tag-phase-i-esa","tag-phase-ii-environmental-site-assessment","tag-phase-ii-esa","tag-polyfluoroalkyl-substances","tag-remediation","tag-scotchgard","tag-teflon","key_topics-pfas","services-tag-phase-i-environmental-site-assessment","services-tag-phase-ii-environmental-site-assessment"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.5 (Yoast SEO v23.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PFAS in Massachusetts \u2013 What Should You Know? | Partner Engineering and Science, Inc.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Partner Engineering and Science Project Manager and Licensed Site Professional (LSP) Thomas Campbell gives an overview of the PFAS class of chemical contaminants, found in many household goods, industrial sites and fire retardant foam, and what Massachusetts site owners should know for their Phase I Environmental Site Assessments.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.partneresi.com\/resources\/articles\/pfas-in-massachusetts-what-should-you-know\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PFAS in Massachusetts \u2013 What Should You Know?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Partner Engineering and Science Project Manager and Licensed Site Professional (LSP) Thomas Campbell gives an overview of the PFAS class of chemical contaminants, found in many household goods, industrial sites and fire retardant foam, and what Massachusetts site owners should know for their Phase I Environmental Site Assessments.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.partneresi.com\/resources\/articles\/pfas-in-massachusetts-what-should-you-know\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Partner Engineering and Science, Inc.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/Partner-Engineering-and-Science-Inc\/107586855937581\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-09-12T03:11:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-08T22:08:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.partneresi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/download-44.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"460\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Thomas A. 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